The ecology of marine diseases

Principal Investigators:

Drew Harvell

The working group on marine diseases will bring together researchers working with diverse diseases of marine organisms with theoreticians and statisticians. Epidemiological studies of diseases in marine systems have been rare and there is a paucity of information regarding even the most basic properties of marine pathogens (e.g. identity, host-specificity) and factors (e.g. environmental correlates) affecting disease processes (Harvell et al. 1999). In particular, little is known about the mechanisms of either disease transmission or host resistance and their roles in facilitating disease outbreaks. Although theoretical and experimental practices developed to model infectious disease in humans (Anderson & May 1991),wildlife (Daszak et al. 2000) and agricultural systems (Real 1996) have provided some useful insight, the applicability of these "terrestrial" models to comparatively more open system like the ocean is not known. Moreover, knowledge of mechanisms of host resistance among marine invertebrates is effectively a black box; we lack understanding of basic disease resistance mechanisms and their interaction with environmental stressors. Using a few well studied host-pathogen interactions or those with long-term monitoring data, we will 1) synthesize what is currently know about marine diseases and their environmental drivers, 2) develop new epidemiological theory for analysis of marine diseases, and 3) review differences between disease ecology in marine and terrestrial habitats, including the consequences of spill-over of infectious micro-organisms from farmed into wild populations. collapse

Participants and Meetings

Activity	Dates	Further Information
Sabbatical Fellow	8th August 2000—30th June 2001	Participant List
Working Group	13th—17th September 2000	Participant List
Working Group	4th—10th June 2001	Participant List
Working Group	28th February—3rd March 2002	Participant List
Working Group	30th October—3rd November 2002	Participant List

Participant Contact Information

Drew Harvell	cdh5@cornell.edu	Cornell University
Patty Debenham	pattydebenham@gmail.com	University of California, Santa Barbara
Andrew P. Dobson	dobber@princeton.edu	Princeton University
Stephen P. Ellner	spe2@cornell.edu	North Carolina State University
Kiho Kim	kiho@american.edu	University of Maryland, College Park
Armand Kuris	kuris@lifesci.ucsb.edu	University of California, Santa Barbara
Kevin D. Lafferty	lafferty@lifesci.ucsb.edu	US Geological Survey (USGS)
Mercedes Pascual	pascual@umich.edu	University of Maryland
Virginia Pasour	pasour@cam.cornell.edu	Cornell University
Donald M. Anderson	danderson@whoi.edu	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Richard B. Aronson	raronson@disl.org	Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory
Nancy Baron	nbaron@compassonline.org	SeaWeb/COMPASS
Ottar N. Bjornstad	onb1@psu.edu	Pennsylvania State University
Joseph H. Connell	connell@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu	University of California, Santa Barbara
Susan E. Ford	susan@vertigo.hsrl.rutgers.edu	State University of New Jersey, Rutgers
Frances Gulland	gullandf@tmmc.org	Marine Mammal Center
Eileen Hofmann	hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu	Old Dominion University
Parviez R. Hosseini	hosseini@princeton.edu	University of California, Santa Barbara
Hamish McCallum	h.mccallum@griffith.edu.au	University of Queensland
Robin M. Overstreet	robin.overstreet@usm.edu	University of Southern Mississippi
James W. Porter	jporter@uga.edu	Unknown
Eric Powell	Eric.N.Powell@usm.edu	State University of New Jersey, Rutgers
Shane A. Richards	s.a.richards@durham.ac.uk	University of California, Santa Barbara
Jessica R. Ward	jrw37@cornell.edu	Cornell University
John F. Bruno	jbruno@unc.edu	Unknown
Leah R. Gerber	leah.gerber@asu.edu	Arizona State University
Katia Koelle	katia.koelle@duke.edu	University of Michigan
Bruce McKay	bmckay@seaweb.org	SeaWeb
Garriet Smith	smithres@aiken.sc.edu	University of South Carolina, Aiken
Kathryn Sutherland	KATHRYNP@uga.edu	University of Georgia

Products: Publications, Reports, Datasets, Presentations, Visualizations

Type	Products of NCEAS Research
Journal Article	Dube, Danielle; Alker, Alisa P.; Kim, Kiho; Harvell, Drew. 2002. Size structure and geographic variation in chemical resistance of sea fan corals (Gorgonia ventalina) to a fungal pathogen. Marine Ecology-Progress Series. Vol: 231. Pages 139-150.
Report or White Paper	Harvell, Drew. 2001. Biodiversity and health for the workshop on conceptual tools for the developing biodiversity scenarios (April 19-21, Trinidad). Scenarios Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2002. Climate change and coral reefs. Public talk for Kohala Center, December 2003. Kona, Hawaii.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2002. Climate change seminar series, November 2002. Yale University. New Haven, CT.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2002. Climate warming and disease impacts. International Parasitology Meetings, August 2002. Vancouver, Canada.
Journal Article	Harvell, Drew; Mitchell, Charles E.; Ward, Jessica R.; Altizer, Sonia; Dobson, Andrew P.; Ostfeld, Richard S.; Samuel, Michael D. 2002. Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota. Science. Vol: 296(5576). Pages 2158-2162.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2002. Topic: Ocean Diseases. Coral disease and reef sustainability meeting, September 2002. World Bank. Akumal, Mexico.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2003. Sick seafans by the seashore: Climate change and coral resistance in disease, November 2003. Department of Biology University of California, Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara, CA.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2003. The rising tide of ocean diseases: Unsolved problems and research priorities. House Oceans Caucus Luncheon, October 2003. Washington, DC.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2003. Topic: Ocean Diseases. Invited Class Lecture, March 2003. Cornell Oceanography.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2003. Topic: Ocean Diseases. Invited Class Lecturer Cornell EAS Course, January 2003. Kona, Hawaii.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2004. Climate change and ecology of seafan resistance to disease. University of Washington.
Journal Article	Harvell, Drew; Aronson, Richard B.; Baron, Nancy; Connell, Joseph H.; Dobson, Andrew P.; Ellner, Stephen P.; Gerber, Leah R.; Kim, Kiho; Kuris, Armand; McCallum, Hamish; Lafferty, Kevin D.; McKay, Bruce; Porter, James W.; Pascual, Mercedes; Smith, Garriet; Sutherland, Kathryn; Ward, Jessica R. 2004. The rising tide of ocean diseases: Unsolved problems and research priorities. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. Vol: 7(2). Pages 375-382.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2004. The role of inducible resistance in the seafan fungal epizootic, June 2004. Okinawa, Japan.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. 2005. Health of the oceans: What should our priorities be?. A Congressional Briefing at Airdrie House.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. Climate change and coral.
Presentations	Harvell, Drew. Coral disease and climate warming. Invited Seminar. Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington. Friday Harbor, WA.
Journal Article	Jolles, Anna E.; Sullivan, Patrick; Alker, Alisa P.; Harvell, Drew. 2002. Disease transmission of aspergillosis in sea fans: Inferring process from spatial pattern. Ecology. Vol: 83(9). Pages 2373-2378.
Journal Article	Kim, Kiho; Harvell, Drew. 2004. The rise and fall of a six-year coral-fungal epizootic. American Naturalist. Vol: 164. Pages S52-S63.
Book Chapter	Kim, Kiho; Dobson, Andrew P.; Gulland, Frances; Harvell, Drew. 2005. Diseases and the conservation of marine diversity. Edited by Norse, Elliot A.; Crowder, Larry, B.. Conservation of Marine Ecosystems. Island Press. Pages 145-166.
Journal Article	Koelle, Katia; Pascual, Mercedes. 2004. Disentangling extrinsic from intrinsic factors in disease dynamics: A nonlinear time series approach with an application to cholera. American Naturalist. Vol: 163. Pages 901-913.
Journal Article	Lafferty, Kevin D.; Porter, James W.; Ford, Susan E. 2004. Are diseases increasing in the ocean?. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics. Vol: 35. Pages 31-54.
Journal Article	McCallum, Hamish; Dobson, Andrew P. 2002. Disease, habitat fragmentation and conservation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. Vol: 269. Pages 2041-2049.
Journal Article	McCallum, Hamish; Harvell, Drew; Dobson, Andrew P. 2003. Rates of spread of marine pathogens. Ecology Letters. Vol: 6(12). Pages 1062-1067.
Journal Article	McCallum, Hamish; Kuris, Armand; Harvell, Drew; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Smith, Garriet; Porter, James W. 2004. Does terrestrial epidemiology apply to marine systems?. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Vol: 19(11). Pages 585-591.
Journal Article	Pascual, Mercedes; Bouma, Menno J.; Dobson, Andrew P. 2002. Cholera and climate: Revisiting the quantitative evidence. Microbes and Infection. Vol: 4. Pages 237-245.
Journal Article	Ward, Jessica R.; Lafferty, Kevin D. 2004. The elusive baseline of marine disease: Are diseases in ocean ecosystems increasing?. PLoS Biology. Vol: 2(4). Pages 542-547. (Abstract)