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North American dipteran pollinators: Assessing their value and conservation status

Butterfly species richness patterns in Canada: Energy, heterogeneity, and the potential consequences of climate change

Habitat fragmentation and native bees: A premature verdict?

Population genetic aspects of pollinator decline

Using pollination deficits to infer pollinator declines: Can theory guide us?

The economic impacts of pollinator declines: An approach to assessing the consequences

Snow tussocks, chaos, and the evolution of mast seeding

Spatial synchrony in forest insect outbreaks: Roles of regional stochasticity and dispersal

Integrating the statistical analysis of spatial data in ecology

In many areas of ecology there is an increasing emphasis on spatial relationships. Often ecologists are interested in new ways of analyzing data with the objective of quantifying spatial patterns, and in designing surveys and experiments in light of the recognition that there may be underlying spatial pattern in biotic responses. In doing so, ecologists have adopted a number of widely different techniques and approaches derived from different schools of thought, and from other scientific disciplines.

Conceptual and mathematical relationships among methods for spatial analysis

A large number of methods for the analysis of the spatial structure of natural phenomena (for example, the clumping or overdispersion of tree stems, the positions of veins of ore in a rock formation, the arrangement of habitat patches in a landscape, and so on) have been developed in a wide range of scientific fields. This paper reviews many of the methods and describes the relationships among them, both mathematically, using the cross-product as a unifying principle, and conceptually, based on the form of a moving window or template used in calculation.